Research

How to Create an Annotated Outline

Creating an annotated outline is an important step for major writing and research projects. It helps to make your writing complete by showing you how the different parts relate to one another.

Annotations can give extra info, summarize sources, evaluate the accuracy of sources, and provide evidence and examples. It also helps you to ensure that your paper’s structure makes sense. Annotating the outline can make sure all the needed info is there and save time when it comes to writing the final paper.

Like many documents, the annotated outline is a living document. That means you won’t just create it once. Instead, be prepared to revise it and move things around as your research deepens and you gain a better understanding of the topic at hand.

Before You Start: Conduct Preliminary Research

Write the annotated outline only after you have conducted preliminary research.  If you begin writing it before you have compiled any research, you will not know enough about your topic or the direction of your paper to properly outline it.

Skipping over this important step can cost you a lot of time when working on your project. You may find once you start researching that the paper you thought you were going to write isn’t feasible. You may discover your assumptions or hypothesis was wrong. It’s even possible you’ll need to reframe your research question.

First: Create a Clear and Concise Thesis Statement

Once you’ve gathered enough research to have a general idea of the direction your project will take, it’s time to create your thesis statement. For your annotated outline to be effective, your thesis statement needs to be clear and concise.

This sentence should clearly state what you will be arguing or demonstrating in the paper. You will type this at the top of your outline. Be aware, as you research and work through your questions, your thesis statement may change a little. That is just fine. Just be sure that as you move forward, you are working with the most recent version of your document.

Second: Begin to Create Your Annotated Outline

Example of an annotated outline
Example of an annotated outline

Next, you will outline your paper. Instead of simply writing keywords as you would in a standard outline, you will write out a detailed description of the paper’s content. You’ll include what you intend to write or argue in a particular paragraph, list out all major arguments and sub-arguments, and include annotations.

An annotation is a brief comment that gives extra information or background about the point in the outline. This can include summarizing a source, judging the accuracy and reliability of the source, and explaining how the source supports your argument. Annotations can also be used to give extra evidence or examples to back up the point.

Make sure you cite your research next to any arguments or supporting details so it’s easy for you to recall which quotes and data you want to use in a section when you go to write your paper.

Additionally, as you are outlining your paper, it is important to be mindful of the overall structure and flow of the paper and ensure that each section logically follows the previous one. By taking the time to create a detailed outline, you will have a better understanding of the paper’s content, which will help guide your writing process.

It may also be beneficial to outline what will be used as a transition between each section of the paper, helping to make your argument more cohesive and persuasive.

Third: Check Your Annotated Outline for Consistency and Gaps

Once you have a working outline, it’s time to go back and double-check it for consistency and gaps. Make sure your arguments are well-supported. You may find that you need additional resources to bolster a point you want to make – or that you’ve left an entire sub-argument unsupported.

If any holes need to be filled, now is the time to acquire that additional source material – not when you are halfway through writing the paper.

Finally: Continue to Annotate and Update Your Outline

Finally, you’ll treat your outline as a living document. Keep adding annotations and sources as you conduct further research. This helps you see what you still need to research and where you can stop researching. That way, you don’t over-research your paper and you save time.

RondaBowen

Hello there, and welcome to my page! I have been working as a full-time freelance writer and editor since 2008 when I decided that while I rather enjoyed philosophy, the Ph.D. program I was in was not a good fit for my life goals. Since then, I have published many papers and articles, started two blogs, worked as a senior editor for a magazine, served on the board of a start-up non-profit organization, and walked across fire.

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